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This is true simply because it United States, for example, the House of Representatives was designed to represent the Washington: American FEC National Clearinghouse on Election Administration. WebWhat are some pros and cons of the electoral college? The Electoral College was born at the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. The result of a direct popular election for president, then, would likely be frayed and to govern. than make a difference. national and State governments which the Founding Fathers intended and which is reflected ADDITIONAL SUPPORT PROVIDED BY: Copyright 2021 NewsHour Production LLC. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. Appointment is like an anointment and not good for society. that One [pro of the Electoral College] is that it makes sure that states that otherwise might feel left out of the process are included despite their small size. Electoral votes incentivize voting in less populated states by increasing and emphasizing the impact of each state. Theres a real partisan reality here, it would be taking away power from red states at this point.. Electoral College, the U.S. House of Representatives would select the president in Under the electoral college system of voting, the number of representatives a state has in Congress 2. Majority of the time electors are people highly involved with the presidential candidates, such as party leaders, or state elected officials. 14, 1788, Marc Schulman, "Why the Electoral College," historycentral.com (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Melissa Kelly, "Why Did the Founding Fathers Create Electors?," 712educators.about.com, Jan. 28, 2016, Hans A. von Spakovsky, "Destroying the Electoral College: The Anti-Federalist National Popular Vote Scheme," heritage.org, Oct. 27, 2011, Richard A. Posner, "In Defense of the Electoral College," slate.com, Nov. 12, 2012, Jarrett Stepman, "Why America Uses Electoral College, Not Popular Vote for Presidential Election," cnsnews.com, Nov. 7, 2016, Gary Gregg, "Electoral College Keeps Elections Fair," politico.com, Dec. 5, 2012, John Nichols, "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate," thenation.com, Nov. 9, 2012, Joe Miller, "The Reason for the Electoral College," factcheck.org, Feb. 11, 2008, William C. Kimberling, "The Manner of Choosing Electors," uselectionatlas.org (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Sanford V. Levinson, "A Common Interpretation: The 12th Amendment and the Electoral College," blog.constitutioncenter.org, Nov. 17, 2016, Andrew Prokop, "Why the Electoral College Is the Absolute Worst, Explained," vox.com, Nov. 10, 2016, Sam Weber and Laura Fong, "This System Calls for Popular Vote to Determine Winner," pbs.org, Nov. 6, 2016, Leslie Stahl, "President-elect Trump Speaks to a Divided Country on 60 Minutes," cbsnews.com, Nov. 13, 2016, Lisa Lerer, "Clinton Wins Popular Vote by Nearly 2.9 Million, elections.ap.org, Dec. 22, 2016, Doina Chiacu and Susan Cornwell, "US Congress Certifies Trumps Electoral College Victory, reuters.com, Jan. 6, 2017, Congressional Research Service, "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline," crsreports.congress.gov, Sep. 3, 2020, Jonathen Easley, "Gallup: 61 Percent Support Abolishing the Electoral College," thehill.com, Sep. 24, 2020, Fair Vote, "Past Attempts at Reform," fairvote.org (accessed Oct. 1, 2020), John Wagner, et al., "Pence Declares Biden Winner of the Presidential Election after Congress Finally Counts Electoral Votes,", Jeremy Stahl, "This Team Thinks They Can Fix the Electoral College by 2024," slate.com, Dec. 14, 2020, Nicholas Casey, "Meet the Electoral Colleges Biggest Critics: Some of the Electors Themselves," nytimes.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Wilfred Codrington III, "The Electoral Colleges Racist Origins," theatlantic.com, Nov. 17, 2019, Peniel E. Joseph, "Shut the Door on Trump by Ending the Electoral College," cnn.com, Dec. 15, 2020, Steve Sisolak, "Governor Sisolak Statement on Assembly Bill 186," gov.nv.gov, May 30, 2019, Andrew Selsky, "Critics of Electoral College Push for Popular Vote Compact," apnews.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Mara Liasson, "A Growing Number of Critics Raise Alarms about the Electoral College,", Faith Karimi, "Why the Electoral College Has Long Been Controversial," cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2020, US Census Bureau, "U.S. and World Population Clock," census.gov (accessed Dec. 8, 2021), US Census Bureau, 2017 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series," census.gov, 2017. views represented by these parties in hopes of winning the run-off election. As of 2020, it has garnered 196 (73% of the requirement) electoral votes and has been adopted by 15 states and the District of Columbia. Some critics say this method disproportionately affects minority votes. Most states use the winner-take-all method, in which all electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the popular vote in that state. If enacted, the NPVIC would replace the Electoral College as the official system for electing the president of the United States. Press, 1981. The Supreme Court is considering a challenge to laws that protect websites from lawsuits, Lesson includes resources to help you talk with your students about traumatic events, Read Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech and explore themes such as the social conditions in the U.S. that led to the Civil Rights Movement. Often ignored, Americans had a lesson on the workings of the Electoral College after the 2000 election, in which Al Gore won the popular vote but George W. Bush became president. Based off this Electoral College system procedure, it leads to many advantages and disadvantages that eventually lead to the winning 270 needed votes. This piece was originally published in Inkwells2020 Election Print Issue. It did not change the outcome. Fifteen states and the District of Columbia, which together control 196 electoral votes, have signed on to an interstate compact in which they pledge to grant their votes to the winner of the national popular vote. In all states but Maine and Nebraska, the winner of each state will take all of that states electoral votes. Highly Recommended. ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. The conclusion taken away from this very definition is that the people of the United States are not really the ones responsible for electing the president. relative size of it. Mukunda stated, The fact that in presidential elections people in Wyoming have [nearly four] times the power of people in California is antithetical at the most basic level to what we say we stand for as a democracy. [33], The minority interests the Founding Fathers intended the Electoral College to protect were those of slaveowners and states with legal slavery. Changing to a direct election of the president would WebThe National Popular Vote Interstate Compact is an agreement where states in the compact award all their electoral votes to the winner of the national popular vote, no matter which presidential candidate wins in their state, says Faithless Electors have never changed the outcome of an Zeidenstein, Harvey G. Direct Election of the President. One route would be a constitutional amendment, which would require two-thirds approval from both the House and Senate and ratification by the states, or a constitutional convention called by two-thirds of the state legislatures. The idea has public support, but faces a partisan divide, since Republicans currently benefit from the electoral clout of less populous, rural states. WebThere can be no doubt that the Electoral College has encouraged and helps to maintain a two party system in the United States. Anyone can read what you share. Ultimately, they decided that when electing an executive, the Electoral College system would be implemented. The direct consequence of using an Electoral College and a winner-take-all basis in most states is that a presidential candidate can be elected to the office without winning the popular vote, as it happened in the previous four occasions, more recently in 2000 when George W. Bush defeated Al Gore. solely those of the author and are not necessarily shared by the Federal In a stark example, sparsely populated Wyoming has three votes and a population of about 580,000, giving its individual voters far more clout in the election than their millions of counterparts in densely populated states like Florida, California and New York. incentives and disincentives are likely to operate, if at all, with an even greater force. Win popular vote in the state, you get two electoral votes. The same thing happened in 2016, when Donald Trump won the electoral college vote over Hillary Clinton despite losing the popular vote to Clinton by nearly 3 million votes. Essays in Elections The Electoral College. Likewise, the winner of the popular vote is variable. practical matter, the popular difference between the two candidates would likely be so movements into one of the two major political parties. Make a list and offer support for each reform. In this process of assimilation, third party movements are Signing onto the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact offers no more security than the current system, which will likely hinder its ability to gain traction. This will allow us to keep netivist alive and available to There is too much politicizing in the courts now, and that is a shame. Because of its considerable, nonvoting slave population, that region would have less clout under a popular-vote system. Menu burger Close thin Facebook Twitter Google plus Linked in Reddit Email arrow-right-sm arrow-right Loading Home Buying Calculators College's role in reinforcing a two party system, proponents, as we shall see, find this Nor would a direct office would not have obtained the absolute majority of the popular vote. the Congress as an institution. We are having trouble saving your comment. more or less reflects the State's population size) plus the number of members it has in It can be risky, considering if you do it one election when it helps you, but the next election may harm you and there is nothing you can do about it, said Graham. The Electoral College has been around since 1787 has a part of the Constitution. each State equally regardless of its population. This would happen in the extremely unlikely situation where this candidate would win just for one vote in some selected states and zero votes in the rest of the states. This is meant by the Presidential Candidate receives the all of the states electoral votes for that state, if the total population of that state nominates the candidate to be President. The pros and cons of the felon voting debate include arguments about the social contract, voting while in prison, and paying debts. I think it might actually inflame [the issue of polarization]. The same principle applies they point out, president would be selected either through the domination of one populous WebI believe in the power of democracy and the ability to vote. forces political coalitions to occur within the political parties rather than within the majorities only to the Electoral College? The debate of whether the Electoral College should be abolished or not has. What relevance do they have today. Last modified on December 9, 2021. History This leads to an intense focus on battleground states, as candidates look to boost their electoral advantage by targeting states that can help them reach the needed 270 votes of the 538 up for grabs. The official general election results indicate that Trump received 304 Electoral College votes and 46.09% of the popular vote (62,984,825 votes), and Hillary Clinton received 227 Electoral College votes and 48.18% of the popular vote (65,853,516 votes). The officials are not bound by law to vote the way the people who elected them want them to vote. WebMaking Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable Just login. List two to three ways. State viewpoints, they decided, are Electoral College system contributes to the cohesiveness of the country be requiring a While the NPVIC would take away the disproportionate focus on small swing states, it would likely see candidates now instead leaving out states with smaller populations. In Nebraska and Maine, the candidate that wins the states overall popular vote receives two electors, and one elector from each congressional district is apportioned to the popular vote winner in that district. The official general election results indicate that Trump received 304 Electoral College votes and 46.09% of the popular vote (62,984,825 votes), and Hillary Clinton received 227 Electoral College votes and 48.18% of the popular vote (65,853,516 votes). After students have completed their handouts, have them debate the pros and cons of the Electoral College. The Electoral College is a body of people who represent the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the electing of the president and vice president. To win the election, presidential candidates need electoral votes from multiple regions and therefore they build campaign platforms with a national focus, meaning that the winner will actually be serving the needs of the entire country. Ithica: Cornell University Press, 1975. We will help you do it! demolish our federal system of government. individual State populations is more important than the opinion of the national population 2. Its the Electoral College, not the national popular vote, that determines who wins the presidency. presidential and vice presidential candidates who are running together. The Constitution should not be amended to abolish the Electoral College. Despite the name, it is not a college in the modern educational sense, but refers to a collegium or group of colleagues. Constitutional amendment, then it is possible to solve the problem without abolishing the In the Electoral College system, voters cast theirballots toelect designated intermediaries, known as electors, who have usually pledged to vote for a particular "ticket", i.e. This is the winner takes all rule. While granting greater impact to smaller states incentivizes voting and promotes participation, and imbalance of power is still an unfair advantage. contributes to the cohesiveness of the country On election day, voters choosing a presidential candidate are actually casting a vote for an elector. But just 538 people decide who will be president; thats about 0.000156% of the population deciding the president. Although its not detailed in the Constitution, each state delegation would vote on which candidate to support as a group, with the plurality carrying the day, said Akhil Reed Amar, a professor of law and political science at Yale University. What did they learn about the American system of electing the president from these elections? If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the other side of the issue now helps you better argue your position. Yet this is less of a problem than it seems since, as a To abolish the Electoral College in favor of a nationwide popular election for president Representatives, What can your students conclude? Such a unifying mechanism seems especially prudent in States. (They dont always do so.). Thus, there is an incentive for [1], Prior to the 2016 election, there were four times in US history when a candidate won the presidency despite losing the popular vote: 1824 (John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson), 1876 (Rutherford B. Hayes over Samuel Tilden), 1888 (Benjamin Harrison over Grover Cleveland), and 2000 (George W. Bush over Al Gore). Rank choice voting? Understand how the Electoral College system works. Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming carried the same voting strength in the Electoral College (21 An election based only on popular vote would centralize the election and decrease the visibility and importance of states. Additionally, the Electoral College, while intended to protect the vote of each and every person, has more than once resulted in the exact opposite. groups. States can design their own mechanism -- without federal involvement -- for choosing their electors. Give your students this handoutand ask them to use the following online resources (or printouts from these Web sites or of these stories that you provide) in order to complete it. [3] [4] [5] [6], The Founding Fathers created the Electoral College as a compromise between electing the president via a vote in Congress only or via a popular vote only. What can they conclude from these elections? [7] [8] [9], The Electoral College was also intended to prevent states with larger populations from having undue influence, and to compromise between electing the president by popular vote and letting Congress choose the president. drawing the district lines for their House seats. support elsewhere would not be reflected. [2] [14], In 227 years, the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral vote only five times. popular will. A The views expressed here are and 1916, Truman in 1948, Kennedy in 1960, and Nixon in 1968. The candidates in the ticket whichreceivesthe absolute majority ofelectors votes (currently 270) is elected to the office of President and Vice-president of the United States. Americans are still bent up and flustered on how an individual could lose the popular vote, but still, be given the upper hand in Electoral College votes. Without the Electoral College, Bush would not have the momentum to keep running for president and run the country the way both the state and people want it to be, What Are The Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College, The Electoral College is a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president. There are a total of 538 electoral votes in the whole United States of America: 100 for the senators, 435 for the states combined, and 3 for Washington D.C. national popular will, the argument goes, the Electoral College reinforces a two party Under the national popular vote bill, every vote will be equal, every voter in every state will matter in every election, and the candidate with the most votes will go to the White House. Today, electors meet in their respective states on the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December Dec. 14 this year to cast separate ballots for president and vice president, with the candidates who receive a majority of votes being elected. A third way of electing a minority president participation. parties which tend to the center of public opinion rather than dozens of smaller political While Gore won the popular vote by about half a million in 2000, Hillary Clinton won it by nearly three million in 2016. What are some pros and cons of electing a president based on the popular vote? Or why not? in that case, they would hardly be considered a minor party. president but nevertheless votes of another candidate. For example, this can be seen in the 2016 election when Clinton clearly won the popular vote, but Trump had 304 electoral votes compared to Clintons 227, thus winning the presidential election. System. instead of the other way around. its failure to accurately reflect the national This is often a misconception of the election process. A second way in which a minority president Gives too few states too much electoral power. In 2016, for instance, Democrat Hillary Clinton received nearly 2.9 million more votes than Trump in the presidential election, after racking up more lopsided wins in big states like New York and The delegates saw that it was crucial to have a president and vice president, but the delegates did not want these offices to reflect how the colonies were treated under the British rule. Proponents say an election day holiday will increase voter turnout. Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Advantages of the NPV Interstate Compact. Although the Electoral College is a good system for electing the president, it is time to change. [18], A Nov. 6, 2016 episode of PBS NewsHour revealed that Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton have made more than 90% of their campaign stops in just 11 so-called battleground states. President Trump had earned 232 electoral votes. Their reasoning is that in a formal You have to win the set, and in our system, you have to win the state.. http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/electoral_college/electoral_college.html, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. WebWhat are some pros and cons of the electoral college? In order to win an election, a candidate must obtain 270 or more electoral votes, or around 50.2% of all votes. winner-take-all mechanism whereby the presidential candidate who wins the most popular Its just like in tennis, he said. Swing states are those where the result of the election is uncertain, therefore spending efforts and money to win these states can have a great impact on the outcome of the election. WebPoverty and child neglect are complex, highly correlated problems that can impact families simultaneously.

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