frax score calculator mdcalcvizio sound bar turn off bluetooth

Calcitonin nasal spray is an antiresorptive agent approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. (type 1 or type 2). More aggressive treatment usually includes a type of medication called bisphosphonates, such as alendronate (Fosamax) and ibandronate (Boniva). The QFracture and FRAX risk assessment tools predict the absolute risk of hip fracture, and major osteoporotic fractures (spine, wrist, or shoulder) over 10 years. Search dates: April and July 2014, and May 2015. What we know about vitamin D and bone health, American Bone Health calls on Americans to know their risk factors and take action to prevent falls and broken bones during Falls Prevention Awareness Week, Understanding How Obesity Affects Bone Health and Risk of Fractures, American Bone Health calls on American to Build Better Bones during National Osteoporosis Month 2022. The other major fractures are your spine, forearm, and shoulder. These risk factors appear to have a dose-dependent effect, i.e. The filter allows the FRAX score into the DXA report only when the patient does not meet the first two of the NOF treatment criteria (prior hip or vertebral fracture or T-score below 2.5) but could possibly meet the third NOF treatment criterion based on FRAX risk calculation: an untreated postmenopausal woman or man age 50 years or older . They are not currently taking osteoporosis medication. MDCalc. It is based on individual patient models that integrate the risks associated with clinical risk factors as well as bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. One drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits (80 proof). (2017). MDCalc Your FRAX score is your risk of having an osteoporosis-related fracture in the next 10 years. The following is the interpretation of the FRAX score for Canadian users who want to know what weight bearing exercises (to stimulate bone) is appropriate for them from Exercise for Better Bones.. Once you complete the FRAX tool app, you will see several score results as illustrated in the image of the red box above. Please visit our website Medicalalgorithms.com for Description and Interpretation and further algorithms you may want to consider in the next steps of your evaluation. It uses risk factors in addition to DXA measurements for improved fracture risk estimation. Disability (pain, disability, complications), Excessive alcohol intake (> 4 drinks per day for men; > 2 drinks per day for women), caffeine intake (> 2.5 units [e.g., cups of coffee] per day), and tobacco use (any smoking), Spinal or hip BMD within 1.0 SD below the young adult female reference mean (T-score 1.0), Spinal or hip BMD between 1.0 and 2.5 SDs below the young adult female reference mean (T-score < 1.0 and > 2.5), Spinal or hip BMD 2.5 SDs below the young adult female reference mean (T-score 2.5), BMD 2.5 SDs below the young adult female reference mean and the presence of one or more fragility fractures, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, With a history of fracture(s) without major trauma after 40 to 45 years of age, With osteopenia identified radiographically, Starting or taking long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy ( 3 months), Patients at increased risk of secondary osteoporosis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). The Women's Health Initiative study confirmed that estrogen, with or without progesterone, slightly reduced the risk of hip and vertebral fractures; however, this benefit did not outweigh the increased risk of stroke, venous thromboembolism, coronary heart disease, and breast cancer, even for women at high risk of fracture.46 Lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and estradiol have been shown to improve BMD, but a reduced risk of fracture has not been demonstrated and the safety is unknown.47. The American Bone Health Fracture Risk Calculator (ABH FRC) Version 3.0, published 03/04/2021, estimates 10-year fracture risk for postmenopausal women and men age 45 and older who are not receiving treatment for osteoporosis. Preventing osteoporosis can help you prevent fractures and maintain strength as you age. Read our editorial policy. However, your doctor may suggest one earlier if you have a personal history of fractures or a family history of bone problems. Teriparatide is a recombinant human parathyroid hormone with bone anabolic activity. However, FRAX was neither developed or endorsed by WHO . In a dose of 60 mg given subcutaneously every six months for three years, it significantly increased BMD in postmenopausal women compared with weekly dosing of alendronate.44 Denosumab has been shown to decrease hip, vertebral, and nonvertebral fractures compared with low doses of calcium and vitamin D. It appears to be a reasonable alternative for persons whose condition does not improve with bisphosphonates. The calculator was developed using data collected in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, conducted by our Bone Biology Theme .The study, begun in 1989, includes data from more than 2,500 men and women aged 60+. If the field is left blank, then a "no" response is assumed. 1.4 Use either FRAX [ 8] (without a bone mineral density [BMD] value if a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] scan has not previously been undertaken) or QFracture [ 9 . References. Can only be used to predict fracture risk in long bones (i.e., not in vertebral mets). Estrogen-replacement therapy for women and testosterone therapy for men are also used to treat osteoporosis. Risk stratify women for likelihood of osteoporosis. This may be asking you to have a bone scan, or talking to you about measures that can help prevent osteoporosis. The site and reference technology is DXA at the femoral neck. The primary test used to diagnose osteoporosis is dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). FRAX is short for Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. The WHO criteria should not be applied to men younger than 50 years, children, or premenopausal women. phone US: +1-818-445-5282. This enquires for a history of hip fracture in the patient's mother or father. Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their Standard for Creating Health Content guidance. The loss of bone minerals quicker than you can replace them is called bone demineralization, which can lead to other conditions like osteoporosis. The FRAX models have been developed from studying population-based cohorts from Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Annual updates are required because of: Changes in population characteristics - for example, incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is falling; obesity is rising; smoking rates are falling; See also notes on risk factors.The risk factors used are the following: A special situation pertains to a prior history of vertebral fracture. Secondary osteoporosis is caused by other health conditions (Table 4).2 Up to 30% of osteoporosis cases in postmenopausal women are estimated to be from a secondary cause.10 The estimate climbs to greater than 50% in men, premenopausal women, and perimenopausal women if vitamin D deficiency is included as a secondary cause.1113 In addition to performing a history and physical examination, expert consensus suggests a basic laboratory evaluation for all newly diagnosed patients to determine if there are contraindications for certain osteoporosis medications and to identify the more common secondary causes. Has your mother or father had a hip fracture? A previous fracture denotes more accurately a previous fracture in adult life occurring spontaneously, or a fracture arising from trauma which, in a healthy individual, would not have resulted in a fracture. The current National Osteoporosis Foundation Guide recommends treating patients with FRAX 10-year risk scores of > or = 3% for hip fracture or > or = 20% for major osteoporotic fracture, to reduce their fracture risk. See their website for more information and to use the FRAXtool. 10-Year Fracture Risk Calculator The American Bone Health Fracture Risk Calculator Version 3.0 estimates fracture risk for women and men over age 45. Your test result is reported using T-scores. A recent survey by EB Medicine has shown that MDCalc's . Dr. John A Kanis Professor Emeritus, University of Sheffield Any clinician can use this calculator [3] to predict the probability . All Rights Reserved. GENDER female AGE And if youve been taking glucocorticoids for a long time, talk with your doctor about whether you can cut back or stop taking those medications altogether. Cadarette (2004) Osteoporos Int 15(5):361-366 [PubMed] Personal details (such as height and weight, medication history, smoking history and family history) are entered to predict whether someone is at risk of developing osteoporosis in the next 10 years. Bisphosphonates should be used as first-line pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis. It is based on individual patient models that integrate the risks associated with clinical risk factors as well as bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. Reduced bone density 9 is a major risk factor for fragility fractures. About the bone fracture risk calculator. Gaucher disease is an inherited disorder that causes a buildup of GCase in your body. Standardized osteoporosis risk factor calculator - The z-score is the number of standard deviations away from the average value they calculate the risk of. The fun challenges, personalized instruction, and motivating rewards help students build their skills and understanding - all while exploring the galaxy with fractions! Knowing your 10-year risk for fractures will allow you and your doctor to make decisions about treatment. Enter "Yes" if you drink 3 or more alcoholic beverages a day. Its a painless, non-invasive scan that measures bone strength in your hip and spine. A "standard drink" in the USA is 14 g. The FRAX asks for 3 or more units = 24 g, which is slightly less than 2 US drinks/day (28g). You can lower your score and your risk right away by quitting cigarettes and cutting back on your alcohol consumption. The intravenous bisphosphonates approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis are zoledronic acid (Reclast), 5 mg yearly (shown to decrease vertebral and hip fractures),16,26,36 and ibandronate, 3 mg every three months.37 Although these medications are expensive, they are useful for high-risk patients who are unable to tolerate or adhere to oral therapy. Did you recently attend an American Bone Health event? Enter yes or no. By checking this box, you are confirming that you live in the US and you are opting in to receive your Fracture Risk Calculator results and information about managing bone health via email. During the test, you lie down and a scanner passes over your body. While the original paper describes the size of the lesion as a percentage of the cortex, in practice it is classified as a percentage of the width (diameter) of the bone at that level. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) (1) is a fracture risk calculator that estimates an individual's 10-year probability of incurring a hip or other major osteoporotic fracture, your FRAX score will be calculated, A risk score of >20 points indicates a very high risk of diabetes (50% chance of diabetes The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis in men. There is, however, an increase in vertebral fractures.38 Osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures are rare complications of bisphosphonate therapy that are associated with longer duration of use.39,40 Clinicians should consider discontinuing bisphosphonate therapy after five years in women without a personal history of vertebral fractures. Introduction Practical tips and precautions Absolute fracture risk calculators The FRAX calculator for the United States is unique in that there exist distinct databases for ethnic minorities. It usually develops unnoticed over many years until you have a fracture. Significantly increased risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Fracture of wrist, . Calcium is essential for building and maintaining healthy bones at all ages. 24/7 Live Expert. The QRISK 3 algorithm calculates a person's risk of developing a heart attack or stroke over the next 10 years. These are real scientific discoveries about the nature of the human body, which can be invaluable to physicians taking care of patients. Weight must be between 70 and 300 pounds. . Male Female Age Fractures since the age of 50 (excluding major trauma, e.g. T-scores are based on the NHANES reference values for women aged 20-29 years. Patient is a UK registered trade mark. Learn strategies you can use today. The test usually takes less than 15 minutes. Height (cm) 5. FRAX Score: Calculator, Meaning, and More. Copyright Medicalalgorithms.com Limited. Caution:A qualified health practitioner should verify all results.Keep patient data confidential and comply with all legal requirements. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. One study suggests that it is advisable to follow teriparatide therapy with bisphosphonate therapy to maintain BMD gains.43, Denosumab. The impact of fractures includes loss of function, significant costs, and increased mortality. You can read more about the risk assessment model and scores used in the tool.. After initiation of treatment, the need for follow-up bone density testing is uncertain. FRAX Score Calculadora de riesgo de fractura mayor osteoportica y fractura de cadera a 10 aos. Predicts risk of pathologic fracture in patients with long bone metastasis. In a dosage of 20 mcg per day given subcutaneously for up to two years, teriparatide decreases vertebral and nonvertebral fractures.16,26 Teriparatide is approved for the treatment of postmenopausal women with severe bone loss, men with osteoporosis who have high risk of fracture, and individuals whose condition has not improved with bisphosphonate therapy. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. SCORE = Race + Rheumatoid Arthritis + Fracture history + Estrogen + (3 x Age / 10) - (Weight in lbs / 10) The SCORE was developed after the study conducted by Lydick and colleagues as a stratification tool for post-menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis (consistent with BMD T scores <-2). Egton Medical Information Systems Limited. Consider FDA-approved medical therapies in postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years and older, based on the following: For the clinical risk factors a yes or no response is asked for. Physical activity is important when you have osteoporosis, but some exercises can cause more harm than good. Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic, Endocrinology, Nutrition, Objective: risk factors, severity, prognosis, stage, selection, 32,000 Evidence-Based Health Analytics for Education, Research, Clinical Decision Support, Documentation, EHR Integration and Data Analytics, Please separate multiple email IDs with comma (,), Copyright 2007 to 2023 The Medical Algorithms Company Limited |, The Simplified Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) to Help Identify Women at Risk for Low Bone Density, The ABONE (Age, Body Size, No Estrogen) Score to Select Women for Osteoporosis Screening, Score of Roux et al for Predicting a Vertebral Fracture in a Postmenopausal Woman with Osteoporosis and Back Pain, DOEScore of Nguyen et al for Identifying a Postmenopausal Woman with Low Bone Mineral Density, Prognostic Nomogram of van Geel et al for Predicting Absolute Risk of Fracture at 5 and 10 Years for a Postmenopausal Woman, Lung Disease Treated with Corticosteroids | Reducing Risk of Osteoporosis, Male Osteoporosis Risk Estimation Score (MORES), SOFSURF Index to Identify a Postmenopausal Woman with Osteoporosis, FRACTURE Index for Predicting Risk in a Postmenopausal Woman, Clinical Diagnosis, Including Family History For Genetics, Osteoporosis Prescreening Risk Assessment (OPERA) Tool. (Hint: it's not just, Doctors recommend calcium and vitamin D to help protect bone health. The Fracture Risk Calculator was developed using data collected in the internationally renowned Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study conducted by the Bone and Mineral Research Program of Sydneys Garvan Institute of Medical Research. See Osteoporosis Risk Factors; Where other Osteoporosis risks exist, use FRAX Score or Osteoporosis SCORE Estimation; VI. Some items on the FRAX score list of risk factors are manageable. In patients with newly diagnosed osteoporosis, suggested laboratory tests to identify secondary causes include serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Osteoporosis-related fractures affect approximately one in two white women and one in five white men in their lifetime. Diseases (1991-2010), and the FRAX tool is based on data generated from that centre. Diabetes medicines also increase fracture risk. MDCalc is a 13-year-old medical reference started by two practicing emergency medicine physicians, Dr. Joe Habboushe and Dr. Graham Walker. At that time the University hosted the The World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Secondary osteoporosis No Yes 11. [corrected] Although guidelines for rescreening women with normal initial screening results are lacking, recent evidence suggests that intervals of at least four years appear safe.8,9, The USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for osteoporosis in men.5 Men with a minimal trauma fracture who are older than 50 years or those with secondary causes associated with bone loss could be considered for screening. Check all that apply.Check all that apply. The output is a 10-year probability of hip fracture and the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture). Additional searches included Essential Evidence Plus, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the National Osteoporosis Foundation website. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? ICD-10. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is required for all remote users Please install Symantec VIP on your mobile device to avoid any issues or delays with . Low insulin levels in childhood or adolescence may lead to weaker bones and an increased risk of fractures in adulthood. . Objective. CHADS-VASc Score for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Risk Calculates stroke risk for patients with atrial fibrillation, possibly better than the CHADS Score. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is approved for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, and is effective at reducing vertebral fractures only.16,26 Raloxifene is commonly associated with increased vasomotor symptoms. How Much Calcium and Vitamin D Do You Need to Prevent Osteoporosis? Enter "No" if you have other kinds of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis. This is primarily a screening tool and provides country-specific algorithms for estimating individualized 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture [1] and to target anti-osteoporosis treatments [2] . Purpose: To estimate a patient's 10-year risk for osteoporotic fracture based on the FRAX WHO fracture risk assessment tool of Kanis et al. It is a useful tool to aid clinical decision making about the use of pharmacologic therapies in patients with low bone mass. The FRAXalgorithms give the 10-year probability of fracture. These factors include: BMI (weight to height ratio calculation) Your doctor will order a bone density test. All Rights Reserved.View our Medical disclaimer here- https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/medical-disclaimer/, Interdisciplinary Symposium on Osteoporosis. M81.0 - Postmenopausal osteoporosis. While the FRAX tool can offer accuracy in assessing risk for bone fractures, critics say it underestimates the fracture risk in people who: National Osteoporosis Foundation: Bone Density Exam/Testing., National Osteoporosis Foundation: Risk Assessment (FRAX), What is Osteoporosis and What Causes It?, The North American Menopause Society: FRAX: a Tool for Estimating Your Fracture Risk., Osteoporosis International: Clinicians Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Combination Therapy. Any references to the WHO tool English | Arabic | Bengali | Chinese Simplified | Chinese Traditional | Croatian | Czech | Danish | Dutch | Estonian | Farsi | Finnish | French | Georgian | German | Greek | Icelandic | Italian | Indonesian | Japanese | Korean | Lithuanian | Norwegian | Polish | Portuguese (Portugal) | Portuguese | Romanian | Russian | Serbia | Slovak | Spanish | Swedish | Thai | Turkish | Ukrainian, Individuals with fracture risk assessed since 1st June 2011, Age (between 40 and 90 years) or Date of Birth, Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, UK. If ages below or above are entered, the programme will compute probabilities at 40 and 90 year, respectively. The FRAX questionnaire includes only 12 items. Clinical judgment should be used for low or high exposures. RA is a risk factor for fracture. Please answer the questions below to calculate the ten year probability of fracture with BMD. The factors include: After you or your doctor fills in all your information on the questionnaire, your FRAX score will be calculated. Welcome to the QFracture -2016 Web Calculator. Enter age in whole years, rounding to the nearest year. The FRAXtool has been developed to evaluate fracture risk of patients. Find out what it means, how it's calculated. Registered number: 10004395 Registered office: Fulford Grange, Micklefield Lane, Rawdon, Leeds, LS19 6BA. Assessment of absolute fracture risk, using either the Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator or the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX) may be useful in assessing the need for treatment in individuals who do not clearly fit established criteria. The International Osteoporosis Foundation supports the maintenance and development of FRAX. What race and ethnicity do you most consider fits you? American Bone Health4208 Six Forks RoadSuite 1000Raleigh, NC 27609. FRAX is a clinical tool for assessing the risk of fractures in people with osteoporosis. Results: According to the FRAX algorithm (without BMD), 61.6% of our cohort require treatment. Now there is a Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX ) for evaluating fracture risk. Learn more about how these and other nutrients can help you prevent osteoporosis, Bone density screenings are used to determine your risk of osteoporosis or of fracturing a bone and may also be used to check whether treatment is, Typically, you don't stop treatment. Current Smoking No Yes 8. It presents the average risk of people with the same risk factors as those entered for that person. Why fractions matter. Find out more: The Effects of a FRAX Revision for the USA, The Potential Impact of New NOF Guidance on Treatment Patterns, Updated Fracture Incidence Rates for the US Version of FRAX, Copyright 2023 Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation. Reduce bone loss and build stronger muscles. Shown to have greater variability in agreement when scored by medical and radiation oncologists, to whom these patients are most likely to present. Enter weight in whole pounds, rounding to the nearest pound. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. In patients who cannot tolerate or whose symptoms do not improve with bisphosphonate therapy, teriparatide (Forteo) and denosumab (Prolia) are effective alternative medications to prevent osteoporotic fractures. the tool is based on individual patient models that integrate the risks associated with clinical risk factors as well as bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck it gives the 10 year probability of a fracture - hip fracture and of a major osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture) Learn which ones and why. They are written by UK doctors and based on research evidence, UK and European Guidelines, so you may find the language more technical than the condition leaflets. FRAX is administered by a health care provider and can be used for those who meet certain conditions: For the FRAX score calculator, youll have to answer several questions about habits such as alcohol intake and other disorders you may have that are linked to osteoporosis, such as type 1 diabetes. Excess alcohol has a negative effect on bone density, fracture, and fracture healing. What is osteoporosis and what causes it? Be sure to use the minus sign if the T-score is negative. These are real scientific discoveries about the nature of the human body, which can be invaluable to physicians taking care of patients. This informationcan help your doctor decide whether further action needs to be taken. 2.When you had erections with sexual stimulation, how often were your erections hard enough for penetration? You may opt out of these messages at any time. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Your FRAX score is your risk of having an osteoporosis-related fracture in the next. Alternatively, enter the T-score based on the NHANES III female reference data. Had multiple osteoporosis-related fractures. Otherwise enter no (see also notes on risk factors). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend screening for osteoporosis in men; other organizations recommend screening all men 70 years and older. In their most sophisticated form, the FRAX tool is computer-driven and is available on this site. If you do not know your Femoral Neck T-score, leave this field blank and click next. Enter your Femoral Neck T-score as a decimal number. How to Interpret FRAX Score for Canada. The formula for measuring your risk uses factors such as: Osteoporosis means porous bone. Bones become more brittle, usually due to hormonal changes or reduced levels of calcium or vitamin D in the body. Previously, clinicians could only estimate a 5-year fracture risk. Additional risk factors such as frequent falls, not represented in FRAX, warrant individual clinical judgment. Your FRAX score is your risk of having an osteoporosis-related fracture in the next 10 years. Osteoporosis is diagnosed radiographically based on bone mineral density (BMD) determinations from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) assessment.4 Although quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography and peripheral DEXA can also predict fracture risk, these modalities do not correlate well enough with central DEXA to be used diagnostically.1,5,6 The World Health Organization (WHO) established commonly accepted definitions of osteoporosis and osteopenia4 (Table 36 ). Raloxifene. Explaining annual updates We release a new version of QRISK every spring, usually in April. If you are shorter or taller, enter the minimum or maximum, knowing that the results will be an estimate. Do not routinely repeat dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans more often than once every two years. A balanced diet consisting of vitamin D, calcium, protein, vegetables, and fruits is recommended; mononutrient dietary supplementation is unlikely to be helpful.24 Table 5 shows a comparison of nonpharmacologic therapies.1725, Table 6 summarizes pharmacologic treatments for osteoporosis, including bisphosphonates, raloxifene (Evista), teriparatide (Forteo), and denosumab (Prolia).16,2629, Mild upper gastrointestinal events, esophageal ulcerations, perforations, bleeding events, muscular and joint pains, Contraindications: abnormalities of the esophagus; inability to stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes; hypersensitivity to any product component; increased risk of aspiration or dysphagia, 70 mg plus 2,800 IU or 5,600 IU per week, oral, 35 mg per week (day 1) plus 1,250 mg calcium per day (days 2 to 7 each week), oral, Contraindications: hypocalcemia creatinine clearance < 35 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 (0.58 mL per second per m2) and acute renal impairment; hypersensitivity to zoledronic acid or any components of this product, Pulmonary embolism, thromboembolic events, Contraindications: venous thromboembolism; pregnancy, women who may become pregnant, and breastfeeding mothers, 20 mcg per day for up to 2 years, subcutaneous, Arthralgia, pain, nausea, transient orthostatic hypotension, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, Contraindications: hypersensitivity to teriparatide or to any of its components; reactions have included angioedema and anaphylaxis. A unit of alcohol varies slightly in different countries from 8-10g of alcohol. Copyright 2015 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. More than 10 million Americans have osteoporosis, which is defined by the National Osteoporosis Foundation as a chronic, progressive disease characterized by low bone mass, microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, bone fragility, and a consequent increase in fracture risk.1 Roughly 50% of white women and 20% of white men have a fracture related to osteoporosis in their lifetime; although black men and women are at lower risk of osteoporosis, those with osteoporosis have similar fracture risk.1 Osteoporotic fractures are associated with increased risk of disability, nursing home placement, total health care costs, and mortality (Table 1).13 Osteoporosis risk increases with age, and its impact will increase as the U.S. population ages.3 Table 2 lists risk factors for osteoporosis.2, 10 million Americans 50 years and older have osteoporosis of the hip, 1.5 million Americans have osteoporotic fracture (40% of women and 10% of men will have a fracture of the hip, spine, or wrist), 10% to 20% increased mortality at one year after a fracture, Total costs projected to rise from $18 billion in 2002 to $25 billion by 2025.

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